中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
河南安阳“殷墟考古小镇”复原殷商盛景******
图为殷墟考古文旅小镇。 安阳市委宣传部供图
中新网安阳12月28日电 (阚力)位于河南安阳的殷墟考古文旅小镇，将复原新发现的殷墟大型道路，增设铜车马、行人、游商等雕塑，真实反映殷商时期的市井繁荣景象。
殷墟考古文旅小镇是殷墟国家考古遗址公园配套服务项目，占地总面积约250亩，一期占地面积约110亩，建设内容包括考古科学馆、纱厂厂史馆、图书艺术中心、实景演艺《殷墟遗梦》、元宇宙数字化街区等，部分街区已于11月份对外开放；二期占地面积约140亩，主要围绕考古研学、考古培训、考古主题酒店进行设计，计划2023年启动建设，2024年全面完成。
那么，考古文旅小镇展示了哪些考古元素？有哪些亮点项目？
安阳市文旅集团董事长李友成27日在举行的甲骨文研究与传承工作新闻发布会上介绍，复原新发现的殷墟大型道路是亮点之一。
图为殷墟考古文旅小镇。 安阳市委宣传部供图
近期，考古人员在小镇内新发现一条大型东西向道路，长达80米，为进一步研究商代都城的聚落结构提供了突破口。“下一步我们拟进行道路情景复原。”李友成说。
考古科学馆亦是亮点项目之一。李友成表示，该馆定位为考古科普馆，集中展示中国现代考古百年所取得的重大成就，运用多媒体高科技手法，让游客沉浸式地体验考古挖掘过程、还原考古遗迹、进行考古研学和DIY创作等，成为集文化展示、考古博览、科教研学为一体的考古中心及研学基地。
今年6月，相州窑复烧暨城市展厅项目作为亮点之一，落户殷墟考古文旅小镇，开展复烧和活态化研学实践，充分展示相州窑文化保护传承及活化利用成果。
据悉，相州窑是一座在安阳发现的隋代瓷窑址，奠定了中国瓷器“南青北白”的格局。
李友成介绍，小镇还打造了首个以殷商文化为主题的演艺剧目《殷墟遗梦》。该剧以商王武丁，王后妇好的传奇爱情故事为背景，充分挖掘商朝的服饰文化、婚俗礼仪、祭祀占卜、军事战争、商代乐舞、河南非遗等，借助裸眼3D、5G、雾森等技术，让剧情更加生动逼真。
李友成介绍，小镇还将作为安阳(殷墟元宇宙)的总部基地，结合后期工程，完成虚拟现实影院、殷墟XR商朝会的重大项目立项。高质量开发代表殷商文化的“安安”和“阳阳”数字人物IP，并进行数字人AI长期训练，使之成为安阳首个“文化旅游数字向导”。
图为殷墟考古文旅小镇。 安阳市委宣传部供图
此外，小镇还积极营造考古元素文化氛围，将街区内的窨井盖、灯柱、线杆等户外设施，融入甲骨文、青铜器设计理念。
李友成表示，近期在小镇内建成试用的甲骨文书屋，陈列了大量殷商文化书籍，书屋还定期举办甲骨文研讨会、读书会等活动，唤起文化记忆。(完)
